Research

CD4/CD8 ratio and cytokine levels of the BAL fluid in patients with bronchiectasis caused by sulfur mustard gas inhalation

Ali Emad¹ and Yasaman Emad²

¹  Associate professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 71345-1674, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran

²  Master of Sciences, Shiraz University, PO Box: 71345-1674, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran

author email corresponding author email

Journal of Inflammation 2007, 4:2doi:10.1186/1476-9255-4-2

Published:	16 January 2007

Abstract

Objective

To analyze cytokine levels in BAL fluid of patients with bronchiectasis due to mustard gas inhalation.

Patients

29 victims with mustard gas-induced bronchiectasis and 25 normal veterans as control group.

Intervention

PFTs,, high-resolution CT scans of the chest, analyses of BAL fluids for five cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12) and analyses of BAL fluids for cellular and flow-cytometric analysis of the phenotype of bronchoalveolar cells were performed in all cases.

Results

CD4 lymphocytes expressed as percentage or absolute number were significantly higher in patients with bronchiectasis than in controls (32.17 ± 16.00 vs 23.40 ± 6.97%, respectively; p = 0.01; and 3.31 ± 2.03 vs 1.88 ± 0.83 × 10³ cells/ml, respectively; p = 0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in patients with bronchiectasis than in controls (3.08 ± 2.05 vs 1.68 ± 0.78; p = 0.002).

There were significant differences in cytokine (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12) levels of BAL fluid between patients with bronchiectasis and healthy controls.

A significant correlation was observed between the HRCT scores and both the percentage and the absolute number of CD4 lymphocytes in BAL fluid in patients with bronchiectasis (r = -0.49, p = 0.009; r = -0.50, p = 0.008; respectively). HRCT scores showed a significant correlation with CD4/CD8 ratios (r = 0.54, p = 0.004) too.

Of measured BAL cytokines, only IL-8 (r = -0.52, p = 0.005) and TNF-aα (r = 0.44, p = 0.01) showed significant correlations with the HRCT scores.

Conclusion

The increased levels of cytokines CD4 lymphocytes in the BAL fluid suggest the possible causative mechanism in the lung in sulfur mustard gas-induced bronchiectasis by the recruitment of neutrophils into the lung.